Neoantigens are unique markers that distinguish only cancer cells. By adding B cell reactivity, cancer vaccines can move ...

Immune cells called B cells make antibodies that fight off invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances. During ...

Immune cells called B cells make antibodies that fight off invading bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances. During ...

Understanding the interplay between T cells and B cells is pivotal to delineating both protective immunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Central to this dynamic are specialised CD4⁺ T ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...

Researchers at the University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne have determined that the novel mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines not only induce acquired immune responses such as antibody ...

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital vascular anomalies characterized by abnormal lymphatic development, leading to ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...