Fragmented attention is one of life’s challenges. You are trying to have an important conversation and you get a text. You are running to the store while simultaneously listening to the news, juggling ...

For a primer on consciousness and the brain, click here. When students first learn about Pavlov's dogs—dogs that learned to salivate to the sound of a bell (the "conditioned stimulus") when the bell ...

Classical conditioning, sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning, is one of the most well-known concepts in psychology. It can be described as the concept of learning through association, and ...