Bypass pipes, accompanied by a three-way control valve, are often seen in hydronic systems at both served loads (e.g., reheat coils) as well as at primary equipment (e.g., cooling towers). Reasons for ...

Feedwater control valves play a critical role in boiler operation. One important parameter of their design is the pressure drop at the rated condition as well as off-design conditions. However, ...

Intro: A graph of your car’s idle speed shouldn’t resemble architectural plans for a new Cedar Point roller coaster. Once the car warms up to normal operating temperature, it should run in a smooth ...