Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) relies on the precise performance of gradient coils to achieve high spatial resolution and rapid imaging sequences. These coils generate spatially varying magnetic ...

Since the Generalized Snell's Law (GSL) was proposed, planar metasurfaces have achieved remarkable progress in optical and electromagnetic wavefront manipulation by leveraging phase gradients. The ...

One of the most critical studies on microbial ecology is to reveal microbial turnover patterns along spatial, temporal, or environmental gradients. In such studies, it is often necessary to select ...